重点讲解：
1. throw out 扔掉，丢掉(废弃物)；
In just one day, Americans throw out 136 million kilograms of packaging.
仅仅一天，美国人大约扔出一亿三千六百万公斤的成包垃圾。
2. be supposed to do sth. (按计划或期望)应当，应该，须；
She was not supposed to go but she insisted on going.
不该她去，她偏要去。
3. err on the side of 宁愿过于…；力求…；
They may be wise to err on the side of caution.
他们过于谨慎也许是明智的。
4. go by 遵循；遵照；
You can't go by what he says, he's very untrustworthy.
你不能根据他的话判断，他是很不可靠的。

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